Three Things That Are Awesome

Three Things That Are Awesome Numbers 1: MEnging I graduated in June, but Im not gone yet! Due to a great program in Course 6 (Electrical Engineering and Computer Science) at MIT, I am able to stay on to complete a Masters Degree. The M.Eng program in Course 6 is something students can apply for in their junior year. They then start to integrate graduate-level courses with their regular courseload. This puts them in position to finish all of the requirements for the Masters degree as well as the Bachelors in only 5 years. (If the two degrees were completed sequentially, they would generally take a total of 6 years.) Besides the time-savings, I am excited about this program because it offers a way to cap off a lot of theoretical learning with one big project that requires actual application of the ideas. I also happen to have absolutely *amazing* advisers. Were working understanding how humans produce speech more on that in a later post. Number 2: Learning to Teach Ive joined the Scheller Teacher Education Program (STEP) this fall. Its basically a crash-course series of classes on education in theory and practice. The theory side covers issues such as, Should we be developing students creative thinking skills or giving them practical lessons and vocational training? The practice side teaches us the nitty gritty of discipline, lesson planning, and how to get students attention. STEP also includes classroom observation, and eventually teaching in nearby schools! Number 3: Randomites Though Im living in an apartment now, I still take time to go back to Random Hall. One must-experience event at Random is their fall rush, designed to introduce freshmen to their unique culture. I attended a great new event this year, led by ch3cooh 11. There were three parts to the event: building MIT out of candy, rolling it up into katamari, and eating it! Here are some pictures of the process shot by Zev 08, M.Eng 09: Step 1: Building MIT out of candy. The big peanutbuttery gob with the Hersheys kisses on it is labeled Stata. Nearby are graham cracker representations of the two parallel buildings of East Campus and the Green building (the tallest building in Cambridge!) You can see the blue jello version of the Charles River flowing through the center. Im not sure whose idea the snow-capped mountains or volcano were I havent seen them around campus. Step 2: Rolling it up into katamari. We started with a small glob of chocolate and marshmallow mixture, and rolled our katamari around the board while listening to remixes of the song (the song can be heard on this Youtube video. Step 3: Eating it! This was harder for some people than for others Post Tagged #Random Hall

Supply and Demand Simulation Paper - 1130 Words

Supply and Demand Simulation Paper Principles of Microeconomics 365 Matthew J. Angner June 1, 2010 University of Phoenix Online Introduction The supply and demand simulation was based on the management of rental apartments by GoodLife Management. The apartments are in a fictitious town called Atlantis. Topics that will be reviewed in this paper include changes in supply and demand, how shifts in supply and demand affects decision-making, key points from the reading assignments that were emphasized in the simulation, application of the supply and demand concepts at the author’s workplace, how price elasticity of demand affects the decision-making of the consumer and to the organization, and a summary of the results of the†¦show more content†¦109). The limit is usually below the equilibrium price. Price ceilings can cause issues in the equilibrium between supply and demand. If the price for the apartments were at the ceiling price, and the demand for the apartments increase, the supply would then begin to decrease. The simulation showed that this scenario escalated and the quantity demanded exceeded the quantity available and a shortage will continue. Application of Supply and Demand Concepts The writer has a career as a Supplier Development Engineer in the Automotive Industry. The products produced include interior and exterior door handles and exterior mirrors. Although there are other automotive supplier’s who produce the same products, generally there are only a handful of these suppliers. Therefore, understanding the market for the products produced affects production on a supply and demand level. Changes in the economy in 2009 affected the production levels of our products. Vehicles were not selling, especially the larger SUV’s and truck platforms. Due to the decrease in demand, it created a surplus in the quantity of product on-hand. What did not occur, however, is a change in the price of the products. The product prices remained constant. What did change was the number of employees, which was reduced by 25% as well as a reduction in salaries for all employees. These reductions compensated for the p ricing of the products not changing. Price Elasticity of Demand â€Å"Price elasticityShow MoreRelatedSupply and Demand Simulation Paper886 Words   |  4 PagesSupply and Demand Simulation Paper ECO/365 Week 2 Individual Assignment February 25, 2013 Supply and Demand The analysis will identify two microeconomics and two macroeconomics principles or concepts from the simulation, and explain why each principle or concept is in the category of macroeconomics or microeconomics. The analysis will identify at least one shift of the supply curve, and one shift of the demand curve from the simulation and what causes the shifts. The analysis will showRead MoreEco365 Supply and Demand Simulation Paper761 Words   |  4 PagesSupply and Demand Simulation ECO/365 Supply and Demand Simulation In the University of Phoenix simulation (2003), students are taken through the supply and demand of two-bedroom apartments in a city called Atlantis. The simulation itself is used as a tool to learn about the demand and supply curves as well as equilibrium. Other key learning points are the factors that affect supply and demand, the effect that a price ceiling has on the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied. ThroughoutRead MoreAnalyzing Supply of Demand Simulation1042 Words   |  5 PagesAnalyzing Supply of Demand Simulation ECO/365 January 31, 2010 Analyzing Supply of Demand Simulation Supply and demand is a significant element of business procedures thus this paper will evaluate how supply and demand affects a business via a simulation provided by the University of Phoenix. In this paper, I will talk about the reasons for changes that occur in supply and demand. I will talk about how shifts in supply and demand influence the organization’s decision making processRead MoreSupply and Demand Simulation983 Words   |  4 Pages   ECO365 Supply and Demand Simulation Student Name ECO/365 – Principles of Microeconomics Instructor Name Date Introduction Supply and Demand is a phrase that every one hears in one way or another, Supply and demand phrase according to Colander, (2010) is the most used phrase by economist and the reason is because the phrase provides a good â€Å"off-the-cuff† answer for many question that have to do with economy. Example why are interest rates to Low? Because supply and demand. Why is GasolineRead MoreEco 365 Supply and Demand Simulation Essay855 Words   |  4 PagesSupply and Demand Simulation ECO/365 November 26, 2012 The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Supply and Demand simulation from the student website. The idea is to identify two microeconomic and two macroeconomic principles present in the simulation and to explain why these principles are categorized as macro or microeconomic. The paper will also determine one shift of the supply curve and one shift of the demand curve from the simulation, as well as why theseRead MoreSupply and Demand Simulation819 Words   |  4 PagesSupply and Demand Simulation A simulation was conducted to understand supply and demand when renting out apartment homes. This paper will briefly explain two microeconomics and two macroeconomics principles, it will include one shift of the supply curve and demand curve in the simulation. For each of the shifts the affect of the equilibrium price, quantity, and decision making will be analyzed. A description of supply and demand from the simulation and how to apply it in the workplace is includedRead MoreBasic Concepts1315 Words   |  6 PagesBasic Concepts Paper Charles Lloyd Eco/415 October 19, 2012 George Flemming Basic Concepts Paper Circumstances, which are different, can have a major affect on supply and demand. The simulation in this week’s assignment deals with the curves of supply and demand and how they are affected by the changing of situations that happens in the city of Atlantis with the two-bedroom apartments. Changes were supposed to be made depending on the findings and results made within the Atlantis communityRead MoreApplying Supply and Demand Concepts1027 Words   |  5 PagesApplying Supply and Demand Concepts David Hodge ECO 365 April 29, 2013 Robert Watson Applying Supply and Demand Concepts The supply and demand simulation was a very helpful tool in understanding the effects of external factors on the supply and demand curves. Understanding this concept is fundamental in preparing for real life situations. I personally enjoyed the fact that the simulation was based on a real estate management company. I was able to understand and relate to the informationRead MoreSupply and Demand Simulation Essay694 Words   |  3 PagesSupply and Demand Simulation This weeks simulation is based on GoodLife Management. GoodLife Management is located in the fictitious town of Atlantis, and rents two-bedroom apartments on a month-to-month basis. The simulation provided working examples of several factors that effectively change the supply and demand of GoodLifes rentals over the course of several years. These factors include GoodLifes management direction, population changes within Atlantis and outlying areas, changes in consumersRead MoreAssignment : System Modeling And Simulation1082 Words   |  5 PagesMMATIVE ASSIGNMENT 1 (S1) System modelling Simulation Background information: To begin with, the simulation named as Beer Game was being founded by Jay Forrester at MIT which illustrates the supply chain run by group based coordination including retailer, wholesaler, distributor and factory (Forio 2001). Moreover, the role of a retailer has been given which means the gamer have to manage the overall inventory for the retail outlets of an American company Samuels Root beer, located in Pittsburgh

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The Key to Successful Ethic Essay Topics

The Key to Successful Ethic Essay Topics The Foolproof Ethic Essay Topics Strategy A good example essay will give answers to a lot of essential questions. It's possible to also mention what you would like to achieve by writing this specific essay. Writing a great persuasive essay is not a simple job, however, it's achievable. A properly descriptive essay with distinctive and unique content can be yours for an affordable price. This is a rather common essay topic chosen by thousands of students from all around the world. That is the reason most students must occasionally write ethics essays. When students write essays on a topic, they have to appraise various perspectives and provide proof to back up their own view. Oftentimes, they struggle when they have to conduct a research to write an ethics essay. People have the right to have a gun. Freedom makes man accountable for his acts to the extent they are voluntary. Criminals will break laws no matter the sequel of their crimes if they're caught. Attempting to rehabilitate criminals may not be that effective. But there are a number of other things that ought to be taken under consideration. As in the prior examples, it can be quite challenging to speak up, especially as soon as an incident involves popular kids. An individual, unlike quite a few other animals, is endowed with the capacity to acquire and use his knowledge to come up with and improv e himself. Regardless what choice he makes, it will be the right one for that person. Life doesn't have wrong choices. It consists of choices. Lives can be saved if more folks have the ability to get guns. The absolute most important part of a prosperous work is choosing a great topic to talk about and to defend by arguments. It normally indicates a type of confusion that must be related to a person's ethics. In the actual sense, there is not any definite term of describing what's ethical and what's not. A superb definition of ethics includes the idea of doing what's morally acceptable or what's nice and right instead of doing what's bad or wrong (Sims, 1992). In case the latter is true, the topic has to be chosen dependent on its depth and controversial nature. Your conclusion has to be persuasive, so that readers don't have any further questions on the problem. Well, it's very hard to answer this question. The question of diversity has ever been under intense discussion, and in the instance of business, it is still one of the main ethical problems. New Questions About Ethic Essay Topics In the industry world employers and company owners should be aware that there is not any room to be dishonest, or greedy dealing with a company. The bonuses were given by the government as an incentive to the executives to stay within the business during uncertainties which were brought on by the recession. Utilize LEGIT50 promo to receive 50% discount. Such society can't grow and progress. It appears perfectly reasonable that humans ought to be permitted to decide their own fate. Another complicated thing about ethics is the fact that it is cl osely related to each sphere of our life. This is most likely an assortment of rules and norm applicable in some specific spheres of our life. For the modern Earth, the ideal thing is money. Meanwhile, it has come to be an increasingly common phenomenon all around the world. See the way the media control problems and biased attitude influence society and the folks in it. Benefactors are people who give out money or some other kind of assistance to other persons referred to as the beneficiaries. Individuals ought to have the capacity of undertaking decisions by themselves. Okay, it's for you to choose! In fact, it's one reason why most students need a little extra tutoring help and solutions! New Questions About Ethic Essay Topics Ethics are values concerning human behavior. Ethics isn't an easy subject to research. Business ethics are extremely crucial in the daily running of the company. Ethics in business is another intriguing subject of study.

What Motivates Some to Volunteer or Perform free essay sample

What motivates some to volunteer or perform community service? Explain the reasons why some volunteer willingly use their spare time on projects that do not benefit them and even ones that may put them at risk. Write an essay of about 300 words. Remember that although the reasons for volunteering might be many and varied, you should choose those details that best support your overall thesis and use details that are easily understood by your audience. It is the fifth annual campus conference of Active Mind at Penn University. 100 backpacks lying down on the ground, representing each student who takes their own life every year. Alison Malmon founder and director of Active Mind, pledges to save our students from committing suicide. What motivates her and others to volunteer their time to save others? When Alison was freshman at Penn, her brother Brian was a senior at Columbia. Alison reported that Brian while in college was dealing with serious depression but didn’t feel comforta ble telling anyone. We will write a custom essay sample on What Motivates Some to Volunteer or Perform or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, help was too far too late when he kills himself in March of her freshman year. Concerned by that rising situation, Alison and some college students have taking the right decision. They have formed the Active Mind, a nonprofit organization with the goal to stop this problem. They dedicate themselves to raise mental health awareness on college campuses nationally and abroad. Understanding the need to help others cope with difficult situations is one factor out of many. These factors are the ones motivating us to volunteer and serve others. Alison Malmon is one of many who joined their voice together and call for help. Help when our brothers, sisters or our environment are under terrible threat of destructions. That makes us understand without people who care there will be no care for people. Whatever the reasons why we volunteer, we see something that may be an answer to our fight. The fight against real life problems, ideologies that will shape our present and future situations is our motivation. Like Alison and the members of Active Mind, some may willingly devote their time to serve others. But understand the value of life and the necessity to help preserve and improve it is our motivation.

World War I an Example by

World War I World War I an Example by World War I World War One was said to be a war that would end all future wars. However, with World War 2 following afterwards, obviously man was mistaken. In fact, many historians believe that the seeds for World War 3 have already been sown as well. With a spark anywhere in the Middle East, Chinese-Taiwan sea border or the Korean peninsula, World War 3 could be a very realistic possibility. World Wars are best defined as conflicts that span over 2 continents. Historians believe that a war can be classified as a World War if it meets the first requirement, and has the involvement of 20 or more countries. The use of alliances, conscription and massive resource allocation towards war are some of the other conditions needed. Need essay sample on "World War I" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed World War 1 was one such war. The war was fought mainly on the European, Asian, and African continents. The conflict that left 15 million people killed in the aftermath all began with a single spark; the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, on 28th June, 1914. With the Austro-Hungarian Empire deeply aggrieved by the circumstance, their leaders put difficult treaty conditions on the Serbian state. Though the Serbian State accepted most, rejecting some minor clauses, the Austro-Hungarian Empire attacked (Gilbert, 2004). With the tangle of diplomatic treaties already in place across Europe, nations who were least involved in the initial start became leaders of war campaigns. Nations dragged into the war included; Great Britain, USA, Italy, Germany, Russia, France, Japan, Austro-Hungary and Serbia. Though there were many causes identified which resulted in the First World War, the main were as follows: The formations of alliances: The system of secret alliances had long been established since the end of the Franco-Prussian War. Sides had been chosen, alliances formed and stockpiling of weapons was already underway even before the assassination of the Prince of Austro-Hungarian Empire took place. These alliances were the entanglements that resulted in the involvement of so many countries into war. Because the continent had been split so vividly across two sides, each having their own agreements related to defense, aggression and mutual co-operation, it was inevitable all of Europe would be at war because of two countries (Gilbert, 2004). Many countries tried avoiding the war by keeping a neutral stance but could not in the long term due to their alliance obligations. Colonization: During that era in time, nations were busy acquiring colonies. European countries were massively competing against each other in trying to acquire the most resources possible. Areas such as Africa and China often became a source of discontent when territorial boundaries could not be sustained or controlled (Gilbert, 2004). This was also a reason for the present hostilities during that time. Militarism: with the pressure on national economies to support larger armies and new technology related to war equipment, the armies of various nations were given more and more power. Because of this, civilian administration began to decline and more authority rested with military officers. Already trigger happy, these nations had developed national plans relating to security and mobilization issues well before the war had started, as if anticipating it in advance. To ensure their countrys dominance, espionage was often used to unfold other nations plans. This created great animosity amongst major military players in the region which unfolded in the battlefield of world war one (Gilbert, 2004). Nationalism: Politicians, military leadership and people alike started enforcing upon the public a sense of nationalism. This strong feeling generated a patriotic tune amongst the masses for their country stirring hatred amongst ethnic groups, countries and often their own minorities. War speeches touched upon these aspects and further brain washed the innocent public. More and more recruits poured in to protect the mother land and in doing so automatic conscription took place. (Gilbert, 2004) The war claimed an end to four great empires of the European continent; German, Austro-Hungarian, Russian and Ottoman. The Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires do not exist anymore and have been divided into several smaller states. The war created massive devastation across Europe and other continents. The war that lasted, from 1914-1918, realized a terrible end to many nations. Germany, Austria-Hungary, France lost 15.1%, 17.1% and 10.5% of their active male populations because of the war, respectively (Keegan, 2000). Germany was forced to claim responsibility for the war and made to sign the Treat of Versailles. At the same time, all her colonies were snatched and she was made to make enormous war reparations, along with territory, to the victors (Keegan, 2000). Russia lost many of its western territories while the Austro-Hungarian Empire was broken along ethnic lines. The Ottoman Empires territories were seized and awarded amongst victor nations In the end, out of the 70 million recruited soldiers that were mobilized in Europe, 15 million died (Gilbert, 2004). Civilian causalities have yet to be assessed accurately but are sure to match the figures above. References: Gilbert, M. (2004). The First World War, Second Edition: A Complete History. : Holt. Keegan, J. (2000). The First World War. : Vintage.

The Impact of Audience Fragmentation on Public Service Broadcasting

The Impact of Audience Fragmentation on Public Service Broadcasting Introduction Over the past few decades, media audiences have experienced fragmentation in many countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia partly because of increase in media choices. Audience fragmentation and media polarization are common in today’s generation dominated by technology and the new media.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Audience Fragmentation on Public Service Broadcasting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Audience fragmentation is caused by media proliferation, which makes the broadcast opportunities more diverse posing a challenge to media providers and advertisers. The media proliferation means that the media content, once a preserve of specific outlets such as public broadcasters, is now available in all platforms, which results to a more participatory and fragmented audience. While this may be good for democratic development, it presents major challe nges that affect mainstream media financially (Benkler 32). Society and audiences in many countries are changing in line with the developments in media technology, the new media, and the internet. In Australia, the audience is increasingly becoming fragmented particularly with regard to television viewing. In 2009, about 84% of all Australian households were audience of free-t-air TV, which, however, was shared with three other major stations (FreeTV 12). Audience fragmentation in Australia has arisen due to increase in the number of commercial channels. By the end of 2010, the number of free-to-air channels grew sharply with the licensing of six additional government-sponsored and commercial television channels further contributing to audience fragmentation (FreeTV 9). Public broadcasters have responded quite positively to the changing media environment. Radio stations, television networks and other content providers have rapidly shifted their services to involve the internet. At t he same time, public broadcasting has adopted more personalized services and products to meet the diverse needs of the consumer in a fragmented society (Murdock 54). Despite the stiff competition occasioned by media proliferation, public broadcasting is best suited in delivering and receiving content that informs, entertains, and educates a fragmented society through the new media and the internet in line with its original mission and therefore public broadcasting is still necessary even in the face of audience fragmentation and proliferation of media outlets.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Principles of Public Broadcasting The commercial broadcasters often offer programs that propagate their commercial interests. In contrast, public broadcasters’ mission is to offer a balanced programming that focuses on public and governance affairs while being politica lly neutral and non-commercial (Tomaselli 31). However, with the recent advancements in technology and the emergence of the new media, which has led to audience fragmentation, public broadcasters appear to compromise their initial mission. Among the principles of public broadcasting is its quest to be universally accessible and have a universal appeal (Tomaselli 34). By integrating technology like digital Audio broadcasting (DAB) into public broadcasting, public broadcasters have been able to increase their reach in most countries. In Australia, DAB digital radio is broadcasted in five major metropolitan areas with the community radio sector shifting to digital broadcasting to increase accessibility (Free TV 12). Public service broadcasting should be available to everyone regardless of his or her geographical location. In Australia, a digital community radio was launched on May 2011, to offer a broad range of digital content and increase accessibility of public broadcasting (CBAA). Unlike commercial broadcasting, which is governed by commercial and advertising interests, public service broadcasting plays a crucial role in dissemination of unbiased information to the public. It offers a forum for public debate on issues affecting the people, which enable people to make informed choices. In this way, public service broadcasting allows people to express their opinions on contentious issues and in the process fosters cohesion in the society. Public broadcasting also empowers citizens owing to its programs that cover governance and political issues (Tomaselli 39). This phenomenon enhances the quality of life of individuals and social groups can participate in issues affecting their economic and social lives. Public broadcasting, therefore, offers actual and unbiased information, which promotes free opinion formation as compared to other commercial broadcasters and this trend makes public broadcasting necessary in the society even in the wake of audience fragmentati on and media proliferation. Public service broadcasting also takes into account the interests of the minority within the society with an intention of promoting social cohesion. The central issue, however, is whether public broadcasting can be detached from government interests given its source of funding.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Audience Fragmentation on Public Service Broadcasting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Public broadcasters are expected to exercise independence from political interference or commercial interests. However, absolute independence is often difficult in practice. In addition, the public broadcasters need to emphasize on quality programming instead of multi-channeling, which is common in commercial broadcasting to support the programs. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) increased the number of channels, which has affected the quality of its programming and stretc hed its resources (Frangopoulos Para. 2). Public Broadcasting and the New Digital technologies The technological developments have made it easier for both the media providers and the users to move across the media platforms. Digital technologies have led to the new media commonly referred to as â€Å"social media†, which also has contributed to audience fragmentation. These include social networks like Face book, video sharing media such as You Tube and search engines such as Google and iTunes (Webster 371). The social media, unlike the traditional media, aim at increasing their popularity and in the process attract more audience. To achieve popularity, many of the social media compete for audience by offering attractive user-friendly options to attract the attention of the users. Unfortunately, the attention of the public is limited and scarce. The focus of the new media is to catch the attention of the audience as the prerequisite for attaining their social and economic obj ectives (Davenport and Beck 65) and this has led to the proliferation of the social media further contributing to audience fragmentation. However, integration of public broadcasting and social media allows the public to debate on national issues more effectively. The media users also contribute to audience fragmentation as they usually choose the media products they prefer. The user preferences are reflective of their attitudes, their needs, or tastes. The audience can opt to remain loyal to a particular genre provided by a given media or sample a diverse range of media genres. Users preferring a particular genre especially with regard to news lead to a highly focused audience known as â€Å"gated communities† or â€Å"enclaves†, which lead to audience fragmentation (Iyengar and Hahn 112). The users are expected to understand the media environment in which they operate.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the proliferation of the media outlets especially the digital media makes perfect understanding of the digital marketplace almost impossible. In addition, the diversity of the media products makes informed user choice difficult. Users cannot even be sure of which brand would provide the desired gratification and therefore have to sample different media outlets. Public broadcasting offers better means through which the public perceives and addresses public affairs through digital technology and the new media forms, partly because public broadcasting, owing to its focus on public affairs, enjoys a higher level of public trust than the commercial broadcasting. In addition, public broadcasting focuses on universal accessibility and therefore, the new technologies offer a platform to increase its reach in line with its mission. Forms of Media Fragmentation The proliferation of media outlets like channels and websites or media products as music or movies play a significant role i n audience fragmentation termed media-centric fragmentation. Under media-centric fragmentation, the media providers are arranged from the most popular to the least popular using data derived from monthly visitors or total sales reached in a month conducted by independent providers (Anderson 54). In media-centric fragmentation, the audiences are spread across many media outlets. In Australia, rationalization of the audience is high and continues to increase because of restrictions that prevent multi-channeling. By 2009, free-to-air TV (FTA) had an estimated audience of 84%, which it shared with three other commercial TV stations (FreeTV 16). In 2011, three national TV channels, three more channels that are commercial and Pay TV have entered the market. However, government restrictions prevent multi-channeling involving FTA broadcasting (FreeTV 13). This has contributed to audience fragmentation as users and advertisers migrate to other media including the new media. Despite the conti nued fragmentation of the audience, public broadcasting remains a reliable means of promoting social cohesion while promoting diversity of culture. The public broadcasting works is even more useful in a fragmented society as the individual needs of social groups and community public service broadcasters address minorities more effectively. Fragmentation at micro-level involves the distribution of each individual’s use of media across many providers. People become specialized in their patterns of media use by becoming concentrating on a certain class of media products or media outlets that deliver the desired services. In addition, under the micro-level fragmentation, the characteristics of the audience e.g. age or gender is common. The audience relies on subsets of the available media, at a micro-level, on a daily basis to obtain relevant information in the complex media environment. The public broadcasters through its range of educative and informative programs can attract a ll different segments of audience as they discuss political, economic, and social issues affecting their lives. Another form of audience fragmentation relies on a macro-level way of perceiving audiences based on the media they use. This approach can identify the audience for a particular media outlet and by doing so; it is easier to determine how the public attention is spread across the media environment. The macro-level fragmentation can evaluate channel loyalty and audience flows within the media environment (Napoli 67). According to Webster, analysis of the media environment which indicates that users do not spend a lot of time in gated communities but rather sample a variety of media products to satisfy their needs (378). The Future of Audience Fragmentation In spite of audience fragmentation caused by interactions between media providers and users, public broadcasting remains an important source of media products. According to Webster, most media users do not spend much time i n niches or gated communities nor does typical users consume particular media products only, rather most of them range widely across the media outlets as they search desired media products (381). The audiences may appear highly fragmented but they do not stay long within the niches or gated communities. Majority of the users have rather varied media repertoires, which are specialized subsets of media that provide desired media products at particular times. This implies that the micro-level and macro-level fragmentation have no much impact on the consumption patterns of the audience. In fact, the public prefers to associate and debate public affairs. The public broadcasting offers an ideal platform for citizens to be informed on national issues and contributes to national development. Moreover, despite relying on different media repertoires, users can still get the same products and the traditional media remains a preferred source of quality media content. The popularity of the media providers is fundamental to the future distribution of audiences across the media environment. Anderson beliefs that the many media offerings or choices offered would contribute to audience fragmentation in the future (181). Frank and Cook, on the other hand expect that high concentration of the audiences will continue to be experienced in the digital media as compared to other forms of media (56). Moreover, in the digital media, because of differential quality of the digital media products, there will be less audience fragmentation. Due to the diversity of the digital media products and the social nature of the digital media, it is likely that the digital media will become more popular than the traditional media. Audience fragmentation is not likely to be high in digital media as the quality of media products is not normally uniform. Assuming the prices are fairly the same, the audience choices would gravitate towards the digital media that offers high quality choices. As Caves no tes, most content providers and the users alike tend to prefer high quality media products if they can afford them (33). Digital media provides a platform for providers and the users to access high quality services on demand, which effectively reduces the available choices and concentrates the audiences around the best media options thus reducing audience fragmentation. The social nature of the digital media consumption makes digital media more desirable. Through social media networks like Facebook, You Tube, and Twitter among others, few programs, or sports events contribute to live audience debates on various topics, which the public broadcasting service can use to propagate its mission. The social networks also allow simultaneous media use especially alongside television viewing. Twitter and Facebook allow conversations on a virtual space, which concentrates the audience on these networks as they discuss topics they find noteworthy. Since the digital media products are more diver se, the users rely on recommendation systems that guide their consumption. While the media recommendation systems may vary across the media environment, they are mostly directed at promoting the popular media products or media outlets relying on the information on what other have chosen (Webster 389). Nevertheless, the digital products, the media outlets, or their content only varies slightly. The major concern about audience fragmentation is its economic impact on advertising as companies find it difficult to reach the intended market due to audience fragmentation. Contrary to these concerns, fragmentation, and the large number of media channels actually allows practitioners to reach a large number of audiences and can even provide access to additional audience. In order to maximize reach, advertising should be carried out across multiple media channels (Ephron 19). A study conducted by Newstead to establish the strategies of maximizing reach to the Australian market, found out tha t, extending the media coverage coupled by distribution over a wide range of media during advertising increases reach efficiency of between 2-46% (Newstead 76). Despite the proliferation of media outlets, the media outlets offer more or less similar content, which makes public broadcasting even more reliable as a source of information. Conclusion It is evident that the proliferation of commercial media outlets has influenced public broadcasting in many ways. However, public broadcasting in many countries remains the appropriate means of promoting public interaction. Due to competition from commercial broadcasters, public broadcasting has adopted different broadcasting methods involving introduction of diverse programs tailored for specific social groups, more interactive programs that make use of the new media, and introduction of appealing media content. In addition, public broadcasting has made use of digital technologies to promote accessibility in line with its mandate. All this has translated to public broadcasting playing an important role particularly with regard to promoting social cohesion. In conclusion, public broadcasting is still necessary even in the wake of recent proliferation of media outlets and audience fragmentation. Anderson, Craig. Free: The future of a radical price. New York: Hyperion, 2009. Benkler, Yunus. The wealth of networks: How social production transforms  Markets and Freedom. New Haven, CN: Yale University Press, 2006. Caves, Richard. Switching channels: Organization and change in TV broadcasting.  Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005. Community Broadcasting of Australia (CBAA). â€Å"Sidney Community Radio Digital Launch†. 2011. 3/6/2011. Web. Davenport, Tim, and Beck, Julie. The attention economy: Understanding the new  Currency of business. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 2001. Ephron, Eric. â€Å"More Weeks, Less Weight: The Shelf-Space Model of Advertising.†Ã‚  Journal of Advertisin g Research 23.1 (1995): 18-23. Frangopoulos, Angie. ABCs purpose lost in 24-hr transmission, 2010. Web. Frank, Rodger, and Cook, Peter. The winner-take-all society: Why the few at the  Top get so much more than the rest of us. New York: Penguin, 1995. FreeTV. Industry Report: 2009 Year in Review. FreeTV Australia. 2010:9-16. Iyengar, Steve, and Hahn, Kim. â€Å"Red media, blue media: Evidence of ideological Selectivity in media use.† Journal of Communication 59.1 (2009):110-115. Murdock, Grace. 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