Family Dynamics Can Be Composed By Emotional And Health...

Family dynamics can be comprised by emotional, physical and health patterns. A family can have negative and positive emotional, physical and health functionality. The structured links’ navigate the interactions and commonalities between the family members. The connections are based upon a three generational genogram chart. The genogram begins with the grandparents on the father’s side then connects to the mother’s side of the family. The genogram depicts relational patterns structured with emotional, physical and health components. There can be negative and positive emotional patterns within a family structure and process. My father’s family demonstrates an open relationship system which family members have genuine, but not emotional confining attachments. My father and aunt were children of divorce as a children of divorce they can demonstrate a continual pattern of divorce in their adult life. My grandfather’s parenting style reflected his inability to emotional connect with his children. My grandfather’s emotional dysfunction is tied to my aunt’s inability to maintain marital emotional attachments. Therefore, my aunt’s emotional detachments are tied to my cousin’s misbehavior in school and dealing with drugs. My grandparents display undifferentiation that they react emotionally to situations. My father exhibits personality disorder and struggles with inconsistent functionality. When inconsistency in events or situations is overloading my father’s emotions he h andles theShow MoreRelatedA Psychodynamic Therapist May Also Be Willing To Help Steven1458 Words   |  6 PagesA psychodynamic therapist may also be willing to help Steven explore these dynamic, internal forces that have determine the trajectories of his life, thus far, since coming into contact with, or being influenced by, his past experiences. 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Analysis Of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Genetics Essay

Analysis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Genetics Christopher Elliott Brandman University Analysis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Genetics Over the past decade, the medical community’s understanding of chronic illnesses has greatly increased. This increase is the result of improvements in technology and techniques that have clarified some of the unknown mechanisms associated with disease. For example, innovations in genetic sequencing have allowed researchers to analyze the genetic variables and abnormalities that could contribute to an individual’s development of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). In fact, over 20 different genes have been identified that increase one’s susceptibility of developing ALS. Therefore, an analysis of a recent research study, which elaborates on the genetics of ALS, is essential to understanding these types of investigations and how they are significant in modern medicine. With that being said, the purpose of this paper is to review a recently published investigation pertaining to ALS genetics by Cady et al. (2014) in JAMA Neurology. Review ALS is a devastating disorder that has an incidence rate of 5,000 individuals and a prevalence rate of 30,000 (Abel, Powell, Andersen Al-Chalabi, 2012). According to Abel et al. (2012), the onset of ALS is between the ages of 40 and 70 and has no distinct ethnic or racial boundaries. ALS can be subdivided into two categories: Sporadic and Familial. Individuals with sporadic ALS do notShow MoreRelatedSpeech Amyotrophic Lateral Disease : Is A Chronic And Terminal Disease That Affects The Lower And Upper Motor Neurons1725 Words   |  7 PagesThis research paper is being written to address Amyotrophic lateral disease (ALS), which is a chronic and terminal disease that affects the lower and upper motor neurons (Srivastava, 2014). 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Significant Events

Questions: 1). what were the most significant events occurring between the end of the Old Testament and the start of the New Testament? What changes in Jewish culture and religion are evident in this period, and how does knowledge of these changes inform our reading of the NT? 2). It is sometimes suggested that the Gospel of John was written as a corrective to an overly simple view of Jesus as a miracleworker in Mark. How far do you agree with this evaluation? 3). Write a critical introduction to EITHER Hebrews, James or 1 Peter, indicating any sense in which special characteristics or emphases in your text add a distinctive voice to the New Testament collection. 4). Discuss the view that the Book of Revelation developed in a context in which the rise of the Roman empire posed particular difficulties for the authors communities. Answers: As evident through the Book of Revelation (BOR), several Christians are seen to be persecuted during the Roman Empire, by the Roman authorities. This book seems to intend the creation of the view among these persecuted Christians that although they are going through such a tough time, yet God is still in control of everything. It induces a belief that the Roman Empire, which are considered as the forces of evil at that time for the Christians are soon going to be destroyed by God (Christianbiblereference.org, 2015). Going through the BOR it can be said that it intends to offer an aura of comfort and inspiration for the Christians suffering from evil acts of Roman Empire. Not only to the Christians of that time the BOR act as a source of comfort and encouragement to the people of Christian communities in all ages, by inducing the view that God is firmly in control of all situations. The book is seen to focus majorly on the Christian communities of Asia minor, specifically to the 7 pla ces where the 7 letters (considered as the combined BOR) were sent to. The 7 places of Asia minor include Laodicea, Ephesus, Thyatira, Smyrna, Paergamum, Sardis and Philadelphia (Oman, 2015). Although there exist a strong debate regarding the author of the book, but considering the widely accepted fact that it was written by John, it is seen that the authors communities which belongs to Christianity was suffering hugely in the hands of the Romans at the time when this book was written. As highlighted by Miller (2014), the book follows the preaching of Jesus and seems to inscribe the principles of having patience for the arrival of the correct time to let everything be sorted out properly by God. Through the information detailed in the book, the prime intension seems to instigate the sense of strong belief in God, in times of danger and evil. It states the idea of patiently waiting for the right time of action when God will destroy the powerful forces of evil that were currently dominating the world at the time of the writing of the book. The book is seen to identify the Romans as the evil repeatedly. It also presents the view of establishment of Gods kingdom in the world, which is believed to bring about fulfillment in lives of all Christians and other people across the world (Christianbiblereference.org, 2015). The BOR is often considered incomprehensible and bizarre by several researchers. Contradictorily, the deep understanding developed through this book, regarding the genre of apocalypse, historical information of the early Christians, their fears, persecutions and debated issues clarifies the view of the book greatly. The book reveals a number of symbols and images, which bore parallel resemblance to the Old Testament. The mention of Daniel is one such instance. Moyise (2011) identified high familiarity to the people, places and events mentioned in the BOR with the 1st century Christians of Asia minor. An in-depth understanding of the view produced by this book regarding the visions presented by John is acquired through extensive research of the areas of Asia Minor Christian population. However, the book can be interpreted in a varied number of ways. Going through the book deeply, a very strong depiction of the sense of infinite power and glory held by God is evident through the scenes of this book. It might be considered as the most significant view and intended message revealed through this book for the readers. The book is seems to hold a very strong view of revealing the possible future events of cataclysmic nature. Although it is stated in the book that it is directed for the Christians of Asia minor, it is related to a number of events occurring across the world in current times. Though there are instances when the events specified to happen in future and views regarding evil are associated with modern nations, political leaders, churches and religious leaders, Megoran (2013) strongly argued that it bores a clear reference to the ardent Roman Empire and its emperors. The thorough study of the book indicates that it symbolically identifies Rome as the most evil place with the maximum amount of unholy activities going on there. It depicts the view that though the satanic actions are at its peak at that time, very soon the symbolical wraths of God is going to fall on Rome and destroy it. The book represents the Roman emperors as the beasts enacting the satanic events as persecuting the Christians. Frilingos (2013) opined that the various symbolic and imagery features evident in the BOR hold very close resemblance and indication to the Roman Emperor of that time Nero and his activities. The book is seen to develop a view among the Christians to stick firmly to their patience and belief in God. It restrains them from taking into vengeance for their suffering by stating that God will take it for them and make everything right very soon. As per the statements made in this book, it is clearly denoted that the book intends to produce a view, which is strongly and specifically addressed to the people of his communities the Christians suffering from the persecutions of the Roman Empire. Pagels (2012) asserted that the book demonstrates the hideous acts committed by the Roman emperors against the Christians. For this, the book represents them as the beasts and depicts the 7 bowls of wrath and other such symbolic imageries to indicate the catastrophic events soon to take place on earth. The Christians are exerted to believe and remain faithful to God as their savior and He will surely save them by destroying the satanic Romans. Thus, the BOR develops the view of holding ones own faith in God strongly in times of danger and problems without giving into the temptations of surrendering to the powerful evil or taking into vengeance by self. The chapter 11 of the BOR opens in the line where John has been measuring the temple and the altar and also counting the worshippers. This picture has derived a lot of interpretations but in todays world the commentators ascertains the notion of Christianity believers. It is suggested by Bauckham that John is differentiating the inner, hidden reality of the church where the priests who worship the God from the external experience of the church as it is vulnerable to the hounding by the nations. (Christian History Institute, 2015) Thus, there came a phase where the episode of final witness, godly protection and the pagan hostility also occur simultaneously. The BOR has an angry text which is depicted as some flamboyant and disturbing images. The perception of the author is directed towards the persecution of the early Christians by the Romans. The Emperor Nero mainly blamed the Christians for the destructive flames in Rome in 64CE which certainly proves that the Christians were maltre ated in Rome. (Cliffsnotes.com, 2015) But there is absence of evidence that there was systematic persecution of the Christians in the Asia Minor. (Biblehub.com, 2015) Rome was considered to be the society where the Romans mainly worshipped gods and goddesses, each having their own temples. In the first century, it was learnt that the Romans started worshipping the roman emperors and they built temples in the honor of the roman emperors. This was believed to be the sacrilege to the Jews and the communities of the Christians. (Christian-community.org, 2015) The Jews and the Christians were of the view that God is one and in this context if people started worshipping other gods then it is regarded as idolatry. (De Villiers, 2002) The Author, John was discontented by the Imperial Cult and the BOR is polemic against this cult. It is posed as a warning of not getting involved in this. The imagery depicts that the good wins over evil and that the faithfulness is awarded and justice will prevail. (Ascough and Tellbe, 2003) In this BOR the presence of the seven headed beast symbolizes Rome. John had symbolically placed the role of this beast representing the seven roman emperors who have ruled during the time of the John, the author. (Bbc.co.uk, 2015) Another implication of the beast with seven heads is the fact that the Rome was called the city of seven hills. The number of the Beast was 666 which also add up to the number of the emperor Nero. (Earlychristianwritings.com, 2015) It has been speculated that during the reign of the Nero the Christians have been ill-treatment by the Romans to which the Christians have considered the emperor as a hate figure in their culture. The Jews were at one time offended when the emperor Caligula built a statute of himself in Jerusalem. (Judson, 2002) The BOR has also the image of the four horsemen of the Apocalypse where the red horse implied war and destruction, black horse signifies the famine; the pale horse is symbolized to be death and lastly the white horse symbolizes the revenge and salvation. John has witnessed a lot of battles and in the first century, the horrendous Romans occupied the site of the camp. It was regarded as the best time and place for John for the final battle between the good and the evil to take place. (MacEvitt, 2014) So it can be said the author has always aimed at the Romans and the Christians which maintained a strained and distressed relationship. In this, the Christians were the community who were deprived of respect, power and position in the society as the Romans with all their power never escaped a chance to exploit the Christians. So it can be said that the BOR never really focused on prophesying the termination of the world rather the BOR is the polemic against the behavior and tormenting nat ure of the Roman Empire. (Campbell, 2003) The author John framed his attack through his writings that had the ability to impact on the other religious and their writings of the parallel era. The BOR had direct impact on the Christians. (Ochulor and Metuonu, 2011) John through writing gave an effort to electrify the Christians so that they get the urge and encouragement so that they can rage up against the Romans and their oppressive rule. His writing gave the desire to every religious community along with the Christians Community to fight against the tyranny of the Romans. In this regard the Christians who would not compromise with the Romans torturous rule would be rewarded. But according to the critics, the process of rewarding on the act of the Christians against the Romans is vaguely posed as it is irrelevant in this context. The ignition through the writings of John should have been enough for them to get the rage and charge up against the Romans and their tyranny. (Reading Acts, 2012) The Roman Empire had repeatedly persecuted the Christians in which the theory that John used reveals that the characters and the values which are compatible in the kingdom of God do not apply in the earthly perspective. God had taught that when there is oppression and tyranny, the people should bear with the view that the long line of prophets also faced such tyranny without complaining. John in this work has suggested that the Christians must treat the situation as a greater cosmic conflict in order to establish sovereignty in the world that would be ensured by the association between God and the Evil forces. (Revelations: visions, prophecy, and politics in the book of Revelation, 2012) The propaganda of the Pax Romana suggested that it was the Roman Emperor and the Roman Empire that brought about peace in the frenzied world. This was exactly that John had implemented in his writing only with little modification. John had the implemented the role reversal in this case and re-shaped the strategy so that the hypocrisy and bankruptcy of the claims of the Roman Empire can be exposed. John has never missed to criticize the Roman empire in any case. He then focused on the cruel practices of the Roman emperor. The Rome was referred to as prostitute luring the clients and leading them to the path of destruction. In typical analysis of the Roman Culture and tradition, it is the like the charm of the prostitutes that covers up the oppression and the violence that it imposed on the Christians. (Shmoop, 2015) The BOR talks about the judgment day that eventually shows the end of the Roman Empire. In this respect the Roman civilization is characterized as the corrupt country whic h is influenced and catapulted by the military power of the Romans. John in this study suggested that the Church to come out of the Babylon which can be interpreted as the necessary act to combat with the charms and the deception of the Rome. (Sparknotes.com, 2015) The BOR and along with the focus point of the assignment reveals that the author John had always been pro-reactive about the humiliation and the oppression that is being imposed on the religious community which is typically the Christianity. The paper deals in the different ideologies of the Roman Empire and coupled with the strategies of John that were adopted from the Roman cultures and the Christianity were molded and used against them. The BOR had revelations about the beast and the four horse-men that signify the evil and the good deed. The paper dealt with the early Christians perception about the Roman Empire in which Rome is considered to be prostitute symbolically. The alluring and attracting nature of the prostitute is signified as the culture and the traditions of Rome. This alluring characteristic of Rome is able to subdue and hide the oppressive and tyrant behavior of the Romans. John has been very encouraging as he galvanized the Christians to fight against the Romans a nd their oppressive behavior. The emperor Nero had a highlighting character in this BOR as the seven headed beast which represents 666 as that of the Emperor Nero. So it is sometimes denoted that the Emperor Nero is the tyrant emperor that mainly contributed to the oppressive practices on the Christians. At one time it was believed that the Romans were the ones that contributed to peace restoring in the disturbed country. It is here that John has utilized his writings and his skill to reverse the role and depict that the main reason behind the chaotic situation in the country is attributed to the oppressive behavior and practices of the Romans. (Sweet, 2000) Thus, John through his BOR has depicted that the Christians were the communities that were mostly deprived of power, respect and position within the society as the oppressive Romans has exploited them. Through his writings, the BOR not only encourages the Christians not to compromise with the tyrant Romans but also encouraged an d influenced other religious communities who were in some other parts of the world were being oppressed by some other communities. The BOR is more like the polemic against the Roman Empires highlighting the issues and practices that exploited the Christians. John being Christian himself have found the urge and the incentive to preach through his writings with the philosophy God and his preaching on combating the oppressive behaviors. References Ascough, R. and Tellbe, M. (2003). Paul between Synagogue and State: Christians, Jews, and Civic Authorities in 1 Thessalonians, Romans, and Philippians.Journal of Biblical Literature, 122(4), p.772. Bbc.co.uk, (2015).BBC - Religions - Christianity: Revelation. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/texts/revelation.shtml [Accessed 10 Jun. 2015]. Biblehub.com, (2015).Revelation Summary. [online] Available at: https://biblehub.com/summary/revelation/1.htm [Accessed 10 Jun. 2015]. Campbell, W. (2003). Booklist: Paul between Synagogue and State: Christians, Jews and Civic Authorities in 1 Thessalonians, Romans, and Philippians.Journal for the Study of the New Testament, 26(1), pp.126-127. Christian History Institute, (2015).Christian History Institute. [online] Available at: https://www.christianhistoryinstitute.org/magazine/article/persecution-in-early-church-gallery/ [Accessed 10 Jun. 2015]. Christian-community.org, (2015).WHY THE BOOK OF REVELATION IS HERESY. [online] Available at: https://www.christian-community.org/library/revelheresy.html [Accessed 10 Jun. 2015]. Cliffsnotes.com, (2015).The Book of Revelation. [online] Available at: https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/n/new-testament-of-the-bible/summary-and-analysis/the-book-of-revelation [Accessed 10 Jun. 2015]. De Villiers, P. (2002). Persecution in the book of Revelation.Acta. Theol., 22(2). Earlychristianwritings.com, (2015).The Book of Revelation. [online] Available at: https://www.earlychristianwritings.com/revelation.html [Accessed 10 Jun. 2015]. Judson, O. (2002). The book of revelation.Nature, 416(6876), pp.17-18. MacEvitt, C. (2014). True Romans: remembering the crusades among Eastern Christians.Journal of Medieval History, 40(3), pp.260-275. Ochulor, C. and Metuonu, C. (2011). Towards the unification of Christians and Marxists: struggle to end exploitation and oppression.AJSMS, 2(1), pp.100-107. Reading Acts, (2012).Persecution and the The Book of Revelation. [online] Available at: https://readingacts.com/2012/04/02/persecution-and-the-the-book-of-revelation/ [Accessed 10 Jun. 2015]. Revelations: visions, prophecy, and politics in the book of Revelation. (2012).Choice Reviews Online, 49(11), pp.49-6235-49-6235. Shmoop, (2015).Book of Revelation Summary. [online] Available at: https://www.shmoop.com/revelation-apocalypse/summary.html [Accessed 10 Jun. 2015]. Sparknotes.com, (2015).SparkNotes: Bible: The New Testament: The Revelation to John (Revelation). [online] Available at: https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/newtestament/section9.rhtml [Accessed 10 Jun. 2015]. Sweet, J. (2000). The Millennium and the Book of Revelation.Theology, 103(812), pp.133-133.

There Are Two Inter-related Spheres, Which This Paper Will Explore. Th

There are two inter-related spheres, which this paper will explore. The first one asks what the relative appeal of Neo-conservatism was in Britain and Germany. The second determines the extent to which Neo-conservative policies were successfully implemented in the two respective countries. The perspectives chosen here try to explain Neo-conservatism with theories of social and cultural change to provide examples of its effects. The New Right is conceptualized as populist Neo-conservative reactions to fundamental change in culture and values in a society. Neo-conservatism reflects a new cleavage based on value change. Neo-conservatism still fell within the confines of traditional conservative ideologies, for example, opposition to the welfare state and the redistribution of income. In this paper the comparison between Britain, a country with long-standing democratic traditions and a civil society, and Germany, which has had strong non-democratic traditions, a fascist past and the recent establishment of a civil society will help to determine to what extent they has been 'socialized'. Neo-conservative governments came to power in Britain prior to 1979, and in West Germany to 1982. Prior to their victory, there was great discontent with certain aspects of the existing social democratic politics over issues of state-influenced and state intervening economic policy. Polls taken in Britain prior to the 1979 election likewise showed a massive 75% of respondents in favour of a reduction in state spending. Similarly, the fall of the West German Social Democratic Party (SPD) in the 1982 coincided with a dramatic collapse of public confidence in the Schmidt administration's handling of the economy. Only 17% of voters considered the SPD the party that guaranteed job security. The lack of faith in government to solve such economic crises reflected a more general loss of faith in the political system. This lack of faith was also evident through the widespread decline in support for the major parties in Germany and Britain. Further, a deep skepticism was expressed over the cap acity of government to handle economic depression or mitigate its effects. This was most clearly evident in attitudes to mass unemployment. Surveys conducted in Britain in 1984 found that 55% of respondents accepted that high unemployment was something 'we'll just have to live with'. In West Germany as well as Britain, majorities were all recorded in 1984 who believed economic conditions would deteriorate rather than improve in 1985. This continued to deter the credibility of the social democrats and other major parties in the views of their constituents. Between 1980 and 1987 the SPD were seen as less competent than the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) on every question relating to the economy: unemployment, inflation, economic growth and even social security. In assessing the appeal of the Neo-conservatism one of the first indications would be the broad shift in social attitudes. An essential part of the strategy of politicians like Margaret Thatcher in Britain was to adapt their party's ideological appeal to perceived social changes in outlook and behaviour while simultaneously seeking to direct or shape those changes in order to create a permanent majority for their brand of politics. Thatcher had made serious inroads into the post-war political culture in Britain, which were based on full employment, state intervention, and the welfare state. Both Britain and West Germany had noted severe changes in political behaviour in the 1980s. This suggested a growing fragmentation of the party system and the diminishing credibility of the political process as a whole in the eyes of the voters. Along with economic issues, there were other public concerns such as law and order, the threat of war and racial issues. In Britain prior to the election of conservative governments, law and order came second only to unemployment in polls of the most pressing political issues among the voting public. This was further supported by a poll taken in January 1978, which found that 61% of respondents agreed with Thatcher's televised pronouncement that Britain was 'in danger of being swamped by people of different cultures'. Her personal popularity also leaped 11% in the immediate aftermath of the interview. This behaviour of the general public indicates that the rise to power of Neo-conservative governments was preceded and accompanied by strong anti-liberal sentiments anong the general voting public. At this time there was also a

Drunk Driving Issue in the US.

Drunk Driving Issue in the US. Running head: LEARNING TEAN B PROJECT 1 LEARNING TEAM B PROJECT PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 9Learning Team B ProjectBrian Hammock, Debra Herron, Edward Abaunza, Ruby Lee, Samuel NjorogeRES/341May 12, 2010Christopher AjaguLearning Team Project PaperIntroductionIn preparing this assignment, Team B thought that the assignment should be on an important topic. The important topic Team B chose to report on is drunk driving. Drunk driving, in our opinion, is a very important issue that should be discussed due to the importance of how alcohol consumption is taken for granted and abused. The two comparisons we chose to report on are drinking and speeding. As Team B presentation topic is reviewed, you will find several interesting pieces of information gathered. The first matter of business included in the paper is the problem background. In the problem background, there is a discussion of why Team B considered the problem important along with some historical in which the problem is related.Miss Amer ica 2006 Jennifer Berry (shown left), a n...Next is the problem statement. The problem statement will speak directly about what the problem is. Next is the literature review. This section will be a written review of the articles researched by our learning team. The next thing is the variable definitions. These definitions include the time, level of measurement as well as the units of measurement; a description of the variables used for the analysis. The data collection source will come next. This source is used to display the methods used to collect the data. Next is the statistical analysis. This will show the hypothesis tested, discuss the methodology, and show results and interpretations of the results. Finally, the result discussion will sum up the total results of this project.Problem BackgroundFor over 20 years drinking and driving has been a...

Punctuation Marks Part 1

Punctuation Marks Part 1 The German word for dot, point or period,  der Punkt, and the English word  punctuation  both have the same Latin source:  punctum  (point). Among many other things that German and English have in common are the punctuation marks they use. And the reason most punctuation marks look and sound the same is that many of the signs and some of the terms, such as   der Apostroph,  das Kommaand  das Kolon  (and English  period, hyphen), are of common Greek origin. The period or full stop (der Punkt) dates back to antiquity. It was used in Roman inscriptions to separate words or phrases. The term question mark (das Fragezeichen) is only about 150 years old, but the ? symbol is much older and was earlier known as the mark of interrogation. The question mark is a descendant of the  punctus interrogativus  used in 10th-century religious manuscripts. It was originally used to indicate voice inflection. (Greek used and still uses a colon/semicolon to indicate a question.) The Greek terms  kà ³mma  and  kà ³lon  originally referred to parts of lines of verse (Greek  strophe, German  die Strophe) and only later came to mean the punctuation marks that demarcated such segments in prose. The most recent punctuation marks to appear were quotation marks (Anfà ¼hrungszeichen)- in the eighteenth century. Fortunately for English-speakers, German generally uses the same punctuation marks in the same way that English does. However, there are some minor and a few major differences in the way the two languages use common punctuation marks. „ Der Bandwurmsatz ist die Nationalkrankheitunseres Prosastils.†Ã‚  - Ludwig Reiners Before we look at the details of punctuation in German, let’s define some our terms. Here are some of the more common punctuation marks in German and English. Since America and Britain are â€Å"two countries separated by a common language† (G.B. Shaw), I have indicated the American (AE) and British (BE) terms for items that differ. SatzzeichenGerman Punctuation Marks Deutsch English Zeichen die Anfhrungszeichen 1Gnsefchen (geese feet) quotation marks 1speech marks (BE) die Anfhrungszeichen 2chevron, franzsische (French) quotation marks 2French guillemets die Auslassungspunkte ellipses dots, ommission marks ... das Ausrufezeichen exclamation mark ! der Apostroph apostrophe der Bindestrich hyphen - der Doppelpunktdas Kolon colon : der Ergnzungsstrich dash - das Fragezeichen question mark ? der Gedankenstrich long dash runde Klammern parentheses (AE)round brackets (BE) ( ) eckige Klammern brackets [ ] das Komma comma , der Punkt period (AE)full stop (BE) . das Semikolon semicolon ; Note:  In German books, periodicals, and other printed materials you will see both kinds of quotation marks (type 1 or 2). While newspapers generally use type 1, many modern books use type 2 (French) marks.    Part 2: Differences German versus English Punctuation In most cases, German and English punctuation are similar or identical. But here are a few key differences: 1. Anfà ¼hrungszeichen  (Quotation Marks) A. German uses two types of quotation marks in printing. â€Å"Chevron† style marks (French â€Å"guillemets†) are often used in modern books: Er sagte:  «Wir gehen am Dienstag. »orEr sagte:  »Wir gehen am Dienstag. « In writing, in newspapers, and in many printed documents German also uses quotation marks that are similar to English except that the opening quotation mark is below rather than above: Er sagte: „Wir gehen am Dienstag.† (Note that unlike English, German introduces a direct quotation with a colon rather than a comma.) In email, on the Web, and in hand-written correspondence, German-speakers today often use normal international quotation marks (â€Å" †) or even single quote marks (‘ ’). B. When ending a quotation with â€Å"he said† or â€Å"she asked,† German follows British-English style punctuation, placing the comma outside of the quotation mark rather than inside, as in American English: „Das war damals in Berlin†, sagte Paul. „Kommst du mit?†, fragte Luisa. C. German uses quotation marks in some instances where English would use  italics  (Kursiv). Quotation marks are used in English for the titles of poems, articles, short stories, songs and TV shows. German expands this to the titles of books, novels, films, dramatic works and the names of newspapers or magazines, which would be italicized (or underlined in writing) in English:   „Fiesta† („The Sun Also Rises†) ist ein Roman von Ernest Hemingway. - Ich las den Artikel „Die Arbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland† in der „Berliner Morgenpost†. D. German uses single quotation marks (halbe Anfà ¼hrungszeichen) for a quotation within a quotation in the same way English does:   „Das ist eine Zeile aus Goethes ,Erlkà ¶nig’†, sagte er. Also see item 4B below for more about quotations in German. 2. Apostroph  (Apostrophe) A. German generally does not use an apostrophe to show genitive possession (Karls Haus, Marias Buch), but there is an exception to this rule when a name or noun ends in an s-sound (spelled  -s, ss, -ß, -tz, -z, -x, -ce). In such cases, instead of adding an s, the possessive form ends with an apostrophe:  Felix’ Auto, Aristoteles’ Werke, Alice’ Haus.  - Note: There is a disturbing trend among less well-educated German-speakers not only to use apostrophes as in English, but even in situations in which they would not be used in English, such as anglicized plurals (die Callgirl’s). B. Like English, German also uses the apostrophe to indicate missing letters in contractions, slang, dialect, idiomatic expressions or poetic phrases:  der Ku’damm (Kurfà ¼rstendamm), ich hab’ (habe), in wen’gen Minuten (wenigen), wie geht’s? (geht es), Bitte, nehmen S’ (Sie) Platz!  But German does not use an apostrophe in some common contractions with definite articles:  ins (in das), zum (zu dem). 3. Komma  (Comma) A. German often uses commas in the same way as English. However, German may use a comma to link two independent clauses without a conjunction (and, but, or), where English would require either a semicolon or a period:  In dem alten Haus war es ganz still, ich stand angstvoll vor der Tà ¼r.But in German you also have the option of using a semicolon or a period in these situations. B. While a comma is optional in English at the end of a series ending with and/or, it is never used in German:  Hans, Julia und Frank kommen mit. C. Under the reformed spelling rules (Rechtschreibreform), German uses far fewer commas than with the old rules. In many cases where a comma was formerly required, it is now optional. For instance, infinitive phrases that were previously always set off by a comma can now go without one:  Er ging(,) ohne ein Wort zu sagen.  In many other cases where English would use a comma, German does not. D. In numerical expressions German uses a comma where English uses a decimal point:  Ã¢â€š ¬19,95 (19.95 euros)  In large numbers, German uses either a space or a decimal point to divide thousands:  8 540 000 or 8.540.000 8,540,000  (For more on prices, see item 4C below.) 4. Gedankenstrich  (Dash, Long Dash) A. German uses the dash or long dash in much the same way as English to indicate a pause, a delayed continuation or to indicate a contrast:  Plà ¶tzlich - eine unheimliche Stille. B. German uses a dash to indicate a change in the speaker when there are no quotation marks:Karl, komm bitte doch her! - Ja, ich komme sofort. C. German uses a dash or long dash in prices where English uses double zero/naught: â‚ ¬5,- (5.00 euros)

Policy Brief Paper on ASEAN - China Free Trade Area Essay

Policy Brief Paper on ASEAN - China Free Trade Area - Essay Example The policy belief will also explore the goals of the ASEA free trade and the rule of origin that applies to the goods. It will also explain how the trade is administered and how the countries solve the disputes that may come across on the way. The audience of the policy belief is a branch of international organization. Statement of the problem Should the ASEAN – China free trade area agreement benefit the people and the countries themselves? Background of the problem The ASEAN is a trade free trade which consists of eleven member states of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The agreement was first signed on the 4th of November 2002 in Cambodia. The intention of the agreement was to start a free trade among the eleven countries by 2010. However, the agreement came in to effect on January 1st 2010. The trade area is the third largest in terms of GDP and the largest of all trade areas in terms of population. The trade area had a nominal GDP of 6 trillion US dollars a s at 2008. The combined population of the trade area is approximately 580 million. On the issue of tariffs, the agreement reduced the 90 % of the imported goods to zero. The importers did not have to pay anything for the importation of the goods. The amendment took effect immediately in China and other six countries in the agreement and the other four countries promised to effect the tariffs by 2015. The goals of the Association are to increase their competitive advantage through production of high quality goods and elimination of tariffs on all imported and exported goods. The other goal is the attraction of more foreign direct investment to the association. The administration of the association is handled by the trade authorities and also by the national customs within the association. The secretariat of the association has the responsibility of monitoring and ensuring that every member complies with the rules and the regulations of the association. The secretariat ensures that th ere is consistent in the application of the association measures to all the country members of the association. In the dispute resolution, the secretariat of the association is no allowed to resolve any dispute arising between any two member countries. The disputes arising between any two members of the organization are resolved through dispute resolution or through informal means bilaterally. If the two member countries cannot resolve the disputes, they can refer to Senior Economic Officials Meetings (SEOM). The SEOM establishes a panel of arbitrators who helps to resolve the disputes. The member countries can always appeal the decisions made by the panels if member countries feel dissatisfied by the decision. The member country can appeal to the ASEAN Economic Community Council. Statement of the Organization’s Interest in the Issue The issue at hand matters most because of the following factors. One reason why the free trade area matters the China Government is because it h as helped the Chinese Government in exportation and importation of its products. The Chinese Government has also benefited from the reduction of the tariffs for exportation and importation between the member countries. There has also been the exchange of technological knowledge between the member countries. The China Government has also benefited from the importation of goods from New Zealand. The elimination of ta

Canadian defence at the onset of the Battle of Hong Kong, 1941 Essay

Canadian defence at the onset of the Battle of Hong Kong, 1941 - Essay Example Having gained much of China the Japanese next targeted HongKong. The war between China and Japan was, therefore, a cause for the attack of HongKong since Japan was stretching its rule further from its boundaries. The HongKonginvasions took the world by storm and the speedy retaliation of the allies to support HongKong was marshalled. The Japanese invasion of Hong Kong finally happened in December 1941 (Tsang, 119). It was of the wars that led to World War II. The Japanese army invaded Hong Kong, which was under the British. The Japanese had not stated clearly, why they would to attack HongKong and had not notified the British. TheBritishwere not prepared for the war since it was a surprise attack. The forces in Hong Kong were the Indians, Canadians and British forces. The main resistance to the Japanese forces was the local troops in Hong Kong, and they were no march for the invaders. The invasion overwhelmed the Indian, British and Canadian forces, who were part of the Commonwealth forces. They were outnumbered, and therefore they would not have defended the island under the British protectorate. The leader of the troops was Sir Robert Brooke. He had under his command few British troops. He thought that the troops on the ground would reduce the time that the Japanese would take to complete take over HongKong. Since HongKong was under the British protectorate there,a decision to change adds reinforcement to the forces at HongKong. Winston Churchill was the premier of Britain at the time of the attack on Hong Kong. He decided to add more troops, which had not been the case since initially they had recommended few troops. He had envisioned an imminent defeat should the Japanese attack the island(Barman, C. & Barman, R., 94). The then British premier, WinstonChurchill, decided to send a contingent of the British Army to ensure that reinforcements would be available should there be an attack. The Chinese had control of

Video game fanatics Essay Example for Free

Video game fanatics Essay My name is Antonio Parker and I’m here to write an essay about people who play video games nonstop, twenty-four seven, without rest. I chose this topic to specify the social behavior in people who play video games from a rare to an extremely high basis. I’ve always wondered how games impact children and, to why they play them. Video games, as of today are becoming a childhood leisure activity, and adults respond with concern about the possibility of bad effects of the games on children I had to look into this because when I was growing up playing video games like Atari 7800 and Coleco Vision, gaming wasn’t as exciting, but several years later, between the same time Atari was about to fail, Nintendo was introduced and since then, video games within the past two decades have slowly, but surely, started to lift heads, and have now erupted into a twenty billion dollar industry in the U. S economy. I, myself, am a gamer, one of world’s biggest fans when it comes to videos. So yes, I’ve been playing video games since my mother put a joystick in my hands at the age of five. I get very excited when playing, watching, or when someone brings up gaming, I’m in the middle of that conversation. Every gaming console from Nintendo, Sega, Neo Geo, PlayStation, Turbo Grafx 16, PC, and the most talked about game system, Xbox, I have purchased all to start a collection. I must say that I admit of being a video game fanatic. I used to play video games for roughly six to eight hours a day without rest. Being able to witness some my friends that play video games on a consistent basis, I come to believe that it is needed to be seen and to understand how a simple one-player game to multiplayer online-role playing games affect people in real life. When I watch G4TV to look at live events on video games, there would be a group people dress up as their favorite video game character as though it was them for real. This is the real case for those who have played an interactive to multiplayer video game. I truly believe that video games don’t control any social abilities in us, but I’ve come to hypothesize that in reality, most people that play video games have more tendency to less sociable to their own peers when outside of the â€Å"game-world†. Work Cited Parker, Antonio. A Study into Social Functioning in Video Game Fanatics. Yahoo! Contributor Network. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 Jan. 2013.

Creation Stories Essay -- Creation Beginning Life Religion Essays

Creation Stories   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Where do we come from? The creation of the world has for centuries been told through many different stories, in different languages, and from a variety of religions across the world. The founders of each religion developed every creation story, and as religions vary greatly in beliefs, so do their stories of how the world and mankind were created. Although many of these creation stories differ, they have a close mystical and spiritual bind that brings people together. Two particular creation stories from very diverse religions are that of the Native Americans and the Christians. Unlike Christians who worship one god, Native Americans worship two high gods as well as a variety of natural and supernatural forces. Although both stories may differ from one another in determining their belief of creation, they both are similar in which both religions believe that through ceremonies and worship that they will be at harmony with god. Through their creation stories we can interperate their understanding of the world around them, how they view life, and how they are compatible and incompatible with one another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Native Americans believe that all things of nature have a spiritual value in life, they use animals, insects, plants, and other forms of nature to symbolize spirits in their stories. Native Americans have a variety of creation stories in which different tribes depict how they believe the world and evolution came to be. The Osage tribe has a creation story in which the world is emerged out of chaos; the Seneca tribe has a creation story in which the world came together through a clash of good and evil. The creation story that is found in many tribes is that of ?Inktomi?, also known as ? spider woman? whom they believe created earth and life. They believe that spider woman spun a line to form the east, west, north, and south, from which came the Four Corners of the earth. Those who had forgotten the gift of her thread would drown in the great flood she sent, but for those who remembered they floated to the New World and climbed unto the safety of mother earth. The N ative American creation story reveals that they understand the world to be a place of equality. In the following passage the creation of man is depicted from the use of different clays: ? Spider woman used the clay of the earth, red, yellow, white, and black, to c... ... But for some Native Americans they believe that when they die their soul takes form as a part of nature, whether a bird, tree, or wolf, and like their ancestors they will provide as a guardian for their people after them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After learning of the varying stories that the Native American and Christian religions depict of creation, I have come to the conclusion that they all have a similarity with one another despite their other differences. They both have the belief that a higher force, for the Native Americans it was the Spider Woman and for the Christians it was God, created the earth and humanity. For religions such as these the scientific explanation of creation holds no importance in their lives, because their faith and teachings of their creation story justifies their belief. Across the world the cultures, languages, and beliefs that separate people from one another are erased when it comes down to the story of our beginning, our creation story. Like seen in the compatibalities of the Christians and Native Americans their creation stories have for centuries interpreted their understanding of the world around them, spiritually binding people from all religions together.

Learning Team Reflection Summary Essay

The following we will discuss what as a class we have learned as well what can be applicable to our workplace or in our personal life. Also how our knowledge has increased as a result of what we experienced through the learning activities in the previous week. Our group decided to emphasize on Herb’s concoction and Martha’s Dilemma: The Case of the Deadly Fertilizer. We enjoyed as a group that the class read this dilemma and between the groups everyone got to discuss their opinion. The story about how Martha Wang who worked as a Consumer Affairs Department of a company called Herb’s Garden Products. Also was relatively new to the company and everyone else has been there for years. One day she gets a call from a dissatisfied customer who complained that Herb’s Special Fertilizer Mix killed her beloved dog. There after Martha takes down the consumer name and number and goes to her boss with the information. Her boss who happens to be Herb’s nephew brushes her off by laughing about the matter. Then to make matter worst she gets a call from Herb himself and which whispered to her that Herb’s special fertilizer is our best seller, and not to let them down. At the end of the story everyone had to answer the decision that Martha had to face and challenges? As well what we would recommendation we had for the company facing this situation? Our group felt that Martha’s dilemma has one way or another happen to each and one of us in some sort a way. As per the class discussion it seemed that everyone had at least once had this dilemma. In our group we had mix feeling about it for example some of us believed Martha should just leave the matter alone if she wanted to continue with her job. The rest of us believed there were a better ways of handling the situation than just ignoring it and that would be by investigating the situation further. Our thoughts were to ask her boss to permit Martha to follow an investigation on the matter to support the company’s good name; of course we all agreed that with the company’s permission of course. We discussed that if Martha persuades her company that the investigation would be for the company’s best of interest. That she would try to prove that the incident with this costumer was not caused by the company’s product, therefore any future complaints the company would have an answer which would help them defended them self’s. As per the company we discussed that they as well should support Martha and give her the tools need to back up the company. As a example given by one of our team members that his company has a full staff created to investigate any complaints from a consumer making sure there were any bad batch sent out to the customer and if so to recall that batch. It was interesting for our group to see we were not the only ones feeling both ways and that there were other groups with the similar opinions on the subject matter. We heard other explain their personal experience and that leaving the matter alone was the best way to handle it. As well those who took the lost the dog very personal and believed that an explanation or investigation would be much needed or ethical. This class has increased a least our group knowledge by discussing different types of situations and listening to other people’s point of views on the matter. We have learned a lot on planning, ethics, innovation, diversity, technology and how it affects all us in the business world, especially how to approach certain situation or other ways to handle them. One thing is for certain we are all egger to see what our next three weeks would be like.

Movie Analysis on Cashback

SM1008 Art of Moving Image Cashback Director: Sean Ellis Actors: Sean Biggerstaff (Ben Willis, an art student), Emila Fox (Sharon, a checkout girl in the supermarket), Shaun Evans (Sean, best friend of Ben), Michelle Ryan (Suzy, the ex-girlfriend of Ben) Genre: Comedy, Drama and Romance Release Date: 31 May 2007 Introduction Have you ever think about freezing the time? What will you do in the extra time if you suffer from insomnia? These are the situation that Ben Willis in. In Cashback, time is a very important element. Therefore, I will write about (1) the speed of motion in the cinematography.Also, a voice-over of Ben is appeared throughout the whole movie. I will write about (2) the narrator and (3) causality of the narrative form. Finally, I would like to write about (4) the music in some specific scenes. Storyline When Ben goes through a painful break-up with Suzy, he develops insomnia. To kill time, he starts working the late night shift at the supermarket. There he meets a co lorful cast of characters, all of whom have their own ‘art’ to deal with the boredom of eight-hour shift. Ben’s art is that imagining the time is frozen. He can appreciate the beauty of the frozen world and the eople, especially Sharon, who may hold the answer for Ben. (1) Speed of motion In Cashback, large amount of scenes change the speed of motion, including slow motion and the extreme case, time lapse. According to Bordwell and Thompson (p. 172), there are two functions of using slow motion that are being used in Cashback, (i) emphasis, becoming a way of dwelling on a moment of spectacle or high drama and (ii) actions take place in dream or fantasy or to convey enormous power. I think there is also (iii) other reason of using the slow motion in this film. (i) Emphasis, a moment of spectacle or high drama a)In the football match scene, the team of Ben is falling behind without any score. They discuss about the strategy and they have determination to score one point. The whole process of Ben controlling the football and his boss shooting the goal is in slow motion. It emphasizes the morale of the whole team. After the failure of shooting the goal, you can see the ball flying over the boss slowly and the disappointing facial expression of the boss. It gives a moment of high drama. Then, the speed of motion becomes normal. Ben’s boss is hurt by the football, which is shooting by the teammate nd brings the match to the end. (b) In the kissing scene, Ben is second time kissed by Sharon. The kiss breaks the spell. Ben can finally fall in asleep after the kiss. It is an important scene so it changes the normal speed to slow motion in order to emphasize the importance since Ben is suffered from insomnia and the pain of break up for a few months. (ii) In dream or fantasy or to convey enormous power (a) Ben and Sean go to find the stripper for the performance in the boss’s birthday party. Ben imagines that Sharon has a strip dancing for him when the stripper is praising the quality of nother stripper. The imagined strip-dancing scene is in slow motion because it is only a fantasy in Ben’s mind. (b) At the opening scene, Suzy is arguing with Ben after he suggests breaking up. The voice-over of Ben said that it is first real break up in front of him and he never thought it was going to be similar to a car crush. Although it is Ben’s suggestion, the voice-over confesses this is a great impact to Ben. Therefore, it uses slow motion. The same thing is done again in the arguing scene between Sharon and Ben. (c) After the break up, the image of Suzy always appears in Ben’s mind.He always thinks of the time being with Suzy. All these memories again appear in slow motion, as it is a great deal and the reason of Ben’s insomnia. He cannot forget these happy memories. (d) In Cashback, a lot of experiences of Ben in childhood is introduced to the audience. One of them is the first time of seeing a nude woman body(a Swedish student lived in his house), which is an impressive memory to Ben. Slow motion is used when the Swedish girl walking upstairs. Because of this experience, Ben knows the beauty of women’s body and believes it is the most eautiful thing in the world. This may be the reason why he likes to draw picture of nude women. According to Bordwell and Thompson (p. 173), time-lapse cinematography shows us some natural phenomenon or street scenes (that continue in a long period of time) in a second or a minute. Time-lapse cinematography is used a lot in Cashback. It gives a sense of time flies in a busy city from day to night. Although time is passed away so quick, in Ben’s eye, days wear on like years. Like the still of left hand corner, the surveillance camera shows that only Ben stands still in the iddle and many customers are passing by in a time-lapse cinematography. The contradiction between them shows that the feeling of Ben more obviously. (2) The narrator According to Bordwell and Thompson (p. 100), narration can use a narrator, some specific agent who purports to be telling us the story. The narrator can be a character in the story. In Cashback, Ben Willis is the narrator throughout the whole film. His narration shifts between restricted and unrestricted knowledge and varying degrees of objectivity and subjectivity. A part of Ben’s narration is talking about him and the events that he involves.It is highly subjective. When he is having the arguments with Sharon and Suzy respectively, the voice of them is muted but only Ben’s voice-over is saying the feelings of him. It shows his inner world to the audiences. In the scene of the first day working in the supermarket, Ben’s voice over is saying something that is showing his character traits, he knows and likes observing the beauty of still object. Also, there are several scenes that Ben is confessing his childhood as a narrator. These all are very persona l and subjective. It is the point of view of Ben.The narration is not only events about Ben himself, but also about the childhood and love stories of Sean, which are the events that Ben did not witness. Ben’s narration gives a wide range of information to the audiences. It becomes an important part of the narrative form in Cashback. (3) Causality In Cashback, Ben Willis is the character that mainly encounters all the cause-and-effect. Basically, all the events are from Ben’s point of view. He is a very sentimental art student. He has the unique method to deal with the extra time during the period of suffering from insomnia.He imagines the time is frozen. As he is obsessed with the beauty of women, he can draw pictures with naked women’s body in the frozen world. Because he can appreciate different women in the frozen world, he finds out Sharon is the most beautiful one among them. Her eyes, pale milky skin and delicate frame attract him. He finally falls in love with Sharon. He draws her over and over. This is a cause of an important event afterwards. He argues with Sharon because she saw his ex- girlfriend kissing him in the party. Later, he has an opportunity to achieve his dream (has his own rt exhibition) because of a joke by his colleagues. He shows all the pieces of Sharon in the exhibition and invite Sharon to see. Finally Sharon forgives him because of all these drawings. (4) Power of music in the movie Music is an important element in a movie. It can strengthen the mood or atmosphere of some particular scene. In Cashback, a soundtrack called Casta Diva is used twice. It is from an opera, Noma. It is used in both scenes of Ben arguing with Sharon and Suzy. The voice of the protagonists are muted and Casta Diva is played as a background music.The surge of this soundtrack raises the agitated mood in the argument. It is better than only showing the content of the argument because what they are arguing is not important anymore. The imp ortance is showing the similarities between two argument and feelings of Ben because Ben’s narration stated that it seems to have met before. The football match scene that I mentioned before also uses a background music to raise the mood. The music gives the intense feeling to that scene, as it is a decisive moment that determine they can break their zero record.Combining the slow motion and the music, the mood is increased to the climax, so that the audiences can experience the emotion of the character inside the football match. The introduction of a character, Barry Brickman, uses a classical music, Bolero. It is ballet music composed by Ravel. It is music with brisk rhythm and graceful melody. Barry is riding on his scooter and shuttling between the shelves in supermarket. I think it can show the character traits of Barry. He is a spry and funny person who likes riding scooter a lot. He thinks that he is a very talented stuntman.This trait is clearly shown in the other sce nes afterwards. It is also an important trait to the causality. It is because he tries to do a stunt in the boss’s birthday party. He rides on a paper box to slide down the staircase. This action let Sharon see the kissing scene between Ben and Suzy. It drives her mad and ignores Ben. Therefore, it contributes to the causality. Conclusion Cashback is a very special movie to me. I have not seen a movie using so much techniques of changing the speed of the scenes. It makes me understand the function of slow motion and time- apse much clearer. I think it can be an example to talk about the speed of motion. On the other hand, the narrator and the music contribute to the film a lot too. It helps us to understand more about the story and also provide information to us. Word Count: 1668 Cited Work Bordwell & Thompson , 9th Edition Cashback (2006) Plot Summary http://www. imdb. com/title/tt0460740/plotsummary Cashback (2006) Sountrack http://www. imdb. com/title/tt0460740/soundtrack Bolero – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bolero

Sturmgewehr 44 Assault Rifle - World War II Weaponry

Sturmgewehr 44 Assault Rifle - World War II Weaponry The Sturmgewehr 44 was the first assault rifle to see deployment on a large scale. Developed by Nazi Germany, it was introduced in 1943 and first saw service on the Eastern Front. Though far from perfect, the StG44 proved a versatile weapon for German forces. Specifications Cartridge: 7.92 x 33mm KurzCapacity: 30 roundsMuzzle Velocity: 2,247 ft./sec.Effective Range: 325 yds.Weight: Approx. 11.5 lbs.Length: 37 in.Barrel Length: 16.5 in.Sights: Adjustable sights - Rear: V-notch, Front: hooded postAction: Gas-operated, tilting boltNumber Built: 425,977 Design Development At the beginning of World War II, German forces were equipped bolt-action rifles such as the Karabiner 98k, and a variety of light and medium machine guns. Problems soon arose as the standard rifles proved too large and unwieldy for use by mechanized troops. As a result, the Wehrmacht issued several smaller submachine guns, such as the MP40, to augment those weapons in the field. While these were easier to handle and increased the individual firepower of each soldier, they had a limited range and were inaccurate beyond 110 yards. While these issues existed, they were not pressing until the 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union. Encountering increasing numbers of Soviet troops equipped with semi-automatic rifles like the Tokarev SVT-38 and SVT-40, as well as the PPSh-41 submachine gun, German infantry officers began to reassess their weapons needs. While development progressed on the Gewehr 41 series of semi-automatic rifles, they proved problematic in the field and German industry was not capable of producing them in the numbers needed. Efforts were made to fill the void with light machine guns, however, the recoil of the 7.92 mm Mauser round limited accuracy during automatic fire. The solution to this issue was the creation of an intermediate round that was more powerful than pistol ammunition, but less than a rifle round. While work on such a round had been ongoing since the mid-1930s, the Wehrmacht has previously rejected it adoption. Re-examining the project, the army selected the Polte 7.92 x 33mm Kurzpatrone and began soliciting weapon designs for the ammunition. Issued under the designation Maschinenkarabiner 1942 (MKb 42), development contracts were issued to Haenel and Walther. Both companies responded with gas-operated prototypes that were capable of either semi-automatic or fully-automatic fire. In testing, the Hugo Schmeisser-designed Haenel MKb 42(H) out-performed the Walther and was selected by the Wehrmacht with some minor changes. A short production run of the MKb 42(H) was field tested in November 1942 and received strong recommendations from German troops. Moving forward, 11,833 MKb 42(H)s were produced for field trials in late 1942 and early 1943. Assessing the data from these trials, it was determined that the weapon would perform better with a hammer firing system operating from a closed bolt, rather than the open bolt, striker system initially designed by Haenel. As work moved forward to incorporate this new firing system, development temporarily came to halt when Hitler suspended all new rifle programs due to administrative infighting within the Third Reich. To keep the MKb 42(H) alive, it was re-designated Maschinenpistole 43 (MP43) and billed as an upgrade to existing submachine guns. This deception was eventually discovered by Hitler, who again had the program halted. In March 1943, he permitted it to recommence for evaluation purposes only. Running for six months, the evaluation produced positive results and Hitler allowed the MP43 program to continue. In April 1944, he ordered it redesignated MP44. Three months later, when Hitler consulted his commanders regarding the Eastern Front he was told that the men needed more of the new rifle. Shortly thereafter, Hitler was given the opportunity to test fire the MP44. Highly impressed, he dubbed it the Sturmgewehr, meaning storm rifle. Seeking to enhance the propaganda value of the new weapon, Hitler ordered it re-designated StG44 (Assault Rifle, Model 1944), giving the rifle its own class. Production soon began with the first batches of the new rifle being shipped to troops on the Eastern Front. A total of 425,977 StG44s were produced by the end of the war and work had commenced on a follow-on rifle, the StG45. Among the attachments available for the StG44 was the Krummlauf, a bent barrel that permitted firing around corners. These were most commonly made with 30Â ° and 45Â ° bends. Operational History Arriving on the Eastern Front, the StG44 was used to counter Soviet troops equipped with the PPS and PPSh-41 submachine guns. While the StG44 had a shorter range than the Karabiner 98k rifle, it was more effective at close quarters and could out-range both Soviet weapons. Though the default setting on the StG44 was semi-automatic, it was surprisingly accurate in full-automatic as it possessed a relatively slow rate of fire. In use on both fronts by wars end, the StG44 also proved effective at providing covering fire in place of light machine guns. The worlds first true assault rifle, the StG44 arrived too late to significantly affect the outcome of the war, but it gave birth to an entire class of infantry weapons that include famous names such as the AK-47 and the M16. After World War II, the StG44 was retained for use by the East German Nationale Volksarmee (Peoples Army) until it was replaced by the AK-47. The East German Volkspolizei utilized the weapon through 1962. In addition, the Soviet Union exported captured StG44s to its client states including Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, as well as supplied the rifle to friendly guerrilla and insurgent groups. In the latter case, the StG44 has equipped elements of the Palestine Liberation Organization and Hezbollah. American forces have also confiscated StG44s from militia units in Iraq. Selected Sources World Guns: Sturmgewehr

Simple Conjugations for the French Verb Réussir

Simple Conjugations for the French Verb Rà ©ussir T​he  French verb conjugation  of  rà ©ussir. Present Future Imperfect Present participle je russis russirai russissais russissant tu russis russiras russissais il russit russira russissait nous russissons russirons russissions vous russissez russirez russissiez ils russissent russiront russissaient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle russi Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive je russisse russirais russis russisse tu russisses russirais russis russisses il russisse russirait russit russt nous russissions russirions russmes russissions vous russissiez russiriez russtes russissiez ils russissent russiraient russirent russissent Imperative tu russis nous russissons vous russissez Verb conjugation patternRà ©ussir  is a  regular -IR verb

Controversy Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Controversy Analysis - Essay Example While leadership goals are a part and parcel of education system in this country, understanding the future implications of the education system in the career of a person is very important. Therefore, bringing out leadership qualities in a person must be accompanied by standards of leadership that he or she achieves to meet (Tyack, 1990, 188). When such set standards are used, the extent to which a person can handle leadership challenges becomes clear to the employer. One must remember that even if a person is highly educated, he or she might still lack superb leadership qualities. Therefore, instead of going by grades and academic records, if student leadership skills are quantified, then right candidates get the right degree of job (Berliner, 2013, 206). The main goal of education stays ambiguous even today. There are several definitions of a goal but if a goal decides whether the process of education has been fruitful for the country, then its goals will be different than if the process decides if education has been fruitful for the individual student. Setting up goals on a national level, that focus on individual fulfillment, will help diminish income inequality in the society (Labaree, 1997, 40). Teachers, trainers and mentors need to have a good grasp of the goal or aim of holding a training session or simply completing the class course (Elmore, 2000, 16). Yes, just as redefining educational goals is of prime most importance today, constantly reminding teachers of how well they need to fulfill these goals is also important. Educators have to be told why they need to exercise values of neutrality and strict assessment in grading and placing their students, to be able to remove income inequality. Although their contribution is going to be of less importance owing to inexperience, student involvement in curriculum and assessment protocol decisions is a healthy way to encourage participation and extract performance.

Explain the concept of mercantilism. Give concrete examples of Research Paper

Explain the concept of mercantilism. Give concrete examples of governments pursuing mercantilist policies. Is mercantilism still alive today Explain your answer with details - Research Paper Example The protection was also achievable through the creation of a stability of exports over imports, consequently leading to the accumulation of bullion. In the present world, countries pursue industrial policies as part of the gradually emerging theory of strategic trade.3 In this case, the intention is to stimulate the nation’s economic growth, which is a form of neo-mercantilism. In the current society, neo-mercantilism is based on the thought that international markets regulate economies. China is an example of a country pursuing mercantilist policies. The economic policy in China is about achieving autarky.4 The mercantilist policies in China defend their companies through unfairly spur exports and reduce imports. Such policies do not only protect the Chinese firms, but also the foreign firms operating in China. These policies are inclusive of currency manipulation, relatively high tariffs, and tax incentives for exports. Conversely, China controls foreign purchases in a manner that somewhat forces technological transfer to the state. These policies deny foreign establishments critical inputs, which is a form of mercantilism. Other countries pursuing the mercantilist policies through innovation are inclusive of Malaysia india, Indonesia, Turkey, and Philippines among others. Most of the aforementioned countries impose high tariffs on some of their ICT goods.5 Through innovation mercantilism, these countries force foreign entities to accept domestic sourcing necessar y for production requirements or technology transfers. They impose these practices as a condition for the entities to gain market

Business the Richard Branson Way Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business the Richard Branson Way - Assignment Example The paper tells that Branson delegates the duty to his management staff and inspires innovation and meaningful change in the Virgin Group. The leader is approachable and accords time to everyone in the group despite being the head of many ventures. Branson influences and motivates the workforce in his group through the power of personality. The leader spurs others into action and raises the morale of the Virgin Group. Transformational leaders create an environment for others to apply the innovative skills in solving problems and developing competitive products and services. The motivated workforce and the innovative ideas have facilitated the expansion of the Virgin Group to take a strong position in the marketplace. Branson works in consultation with the management team, especially during the formative stages of a new venture. After the venture peaks, Richard Branson gives the management and the subordinate workforce the space to implement viable ideas to run the enterprise. Branson does not practice the hierarchical organizational structure. Transformational leadership style believes in the distinct set of skills that every member of workforce possesses can drive organizations to achieve success. In essence, Branson promotes teamwork. Transformational leadership style holds that leaders in the organization should realize that leadership does not imply to the positions or titles. Rather, leadership entails an interactive process between the leaders and the followers. The character is a strong foundation of the leadership, and Richard Branson has maintained charismatic attributes since the foundation of the Virgin Group. The transformational leaders should motivate and inspire their followers through assisting them to achieve the best results in different tasks within the organizations.

Family Law Answers to Problem Questions

Family Law Answers to Problem Questions Family Law Introduction The law of divorce is governed under the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 where it provides the sole ground for divorce, namely that the marriage between Jason and Sandra has broken down irretrievably.[1] Nevertheless, in order to establish irretrievable breakdown, Jason will have to show that one of the five facts listed in section 1(2) of the MCA 1973 has been established on proof (Richards v Richards)[2]. Meanwhile, it is notably that the court in England and Wales is given a wide power in determining the arrangement of children between the Jason and Sandra. Since Jason and Sandra are married, they both have parental responsibility for Joyce and Tom[3]. Their parent responsibilities will not be terminated even if the court grants them a decree of divorce. By virtue of CA 1989, the focus is on the welfares of the children[4] and thus the welfare checklist set out in section 1(3) of CA 1989 will be taken into account by the court in deciding whether to grant share residence to Jason and Sandra and to limit Sandra’s contact with Joyce and Tom. Divorce between Jason and Sandra Since the marriage between Jason and Sandra has lasted seven years, Jason is not restricted by the absolute bar on the presenting of petition for divorce within one year of marriage imposed by section 3(1) of the MCA 1973. Jason is allowed to petition for divorce if he is able to establish one of the five facts set out in section 1(2) of the MCA 1973. Adultery and Intolerability: section 1(2)(a) The first possible fact that Jason would rely on is that if adultery and intolerability contained in section 1(2)(a) of MCA 1973. In order to successful in this claim, Jason would have to show that Sandra has committed adultery and he finds it intolerable with her. In Dennis v Dennis[5], adultery is defined as a voluntary act of sexual intercourse between Sandra and another person who is of the opposite sex. On the fact, Jason’s brother saw Sandra and Craig having dinner at a local restaurant and then leaving the restaurant together late at night, holding hands and getting into the car. According to Sapsford v Sapsford[6], It is unlikely that this incident is sufficient to constitute a ground of adultery as there is no evidence of sexual intercourse between Sandra and Craig. However, following the case of Farnham v Farnham[7], Jason would want to raise a rebuttable presumption that Sandra has committed sexual intercourse with Craig by using the circumstantial evidence of incli nation and opportunity. However, it is unlikely this claim will be successful as the circumstances does not in any sense suggest that Sandra and Craig have indulged in sexual intercourse. Further, it must be noted that, adultery is a serious accusation to make and thus the courts have always insisted on strong evidence to allow such accusation.[8] Even if adultery can be established, Jason would have to show that he finds it intolerable to live with Sandra while the intolerability need not follow from Sandra’s adultery (Clearly v Clealy)[9]. According to Goodrich v Goodrich[10], the intolerability test is to be accessed subjectively and thus Jason could rely on the fact that he cannot cope with Sandra’s increasingly volatile behaviour and claims that it is intolerable to live with Sandra. Unreasonable Behaviour: section 1(2)(b) A more realistic option for Jason is section 1(2)(b) of MCA 1973, where it provides that Jason can rely on the ground of ‘unreasonable behaviour’ if he can establish that Sandra’s behaviour is such that it is unreasonable for him to continue living with her. According to Livingstone- Stallard[11], the focus is not on the gravity of the behaviour per se but on its impact on Jason. Following O’Neill v O’Neill[12], the test under s.1(2) is to be accessed both objectively and subjectively, the objective aspect concerns whether Jason is reasonably expected to stay with Sandra , while the subjective part takes into account the personalities of Jason and Sandra. Since we are told that Sandra’s behaviour becomes increasingly volatile, the chance that Jason will succeed in this claim would increase. It is likely that Sandra’s unreasonable behaviour can be established, it is then necessary to look at the character of Jason and Sandra and decide whether they can be expected to stay together reasonably (Ash v Ash)[13]. It can be pointed out that Sandra is having an adulterous relationship with Craig and this it might not be reasonable to expect Jason to live with her. At this point, it is arguable that the court will grant a decree of divorce on the ground of s.1(2)(b) based on Sandra’s behaviour that makes Jason cannot be reasonably expected to stay with her. Arrangements in relation with Joyce and Tom By virtue of section 2(1) of CA 1989, both Jason and Sandra owe parent responsibilities toward Joyce and Tom. Such responsibility is defined in section 3(1) as ‘all rights, duties, powers and responsibilities and authority which by law a parent of a child has in relation to the child and its property’. This right continue even after Jason and Sandra divorce. Nevertheless, under section 1(5) if CA 1989, Jason and Sandra are required to file a statement of arrangements for the children, detailing the measures that have been resolved between them and also the unresolved issues. On the facts, there are two issues to be considered in regards with Joyce and Tom: who should the children stay with and the extent of Sandra’s contact with the children. In regards with these unresolved issues, the court is able to make the child arrangements order under section 12 of the Children and Families Act 2014 which replaces the orders previously knowns as residence orders and contact orders contained in section 8 of Children Act 1989. The change of terminology supposed to move away from emphasis of ‘resident’ and ‘non-resident’ parent and shift the focus onto the children’s welfare[14]. In the other words, the court will take into account the welfare checklist set out in section 1(3) of the CA 1989. The Welfare checklist includes the ascertainable wishes feelings of Joyce and Tom; their physical, emotional and educational needs; the likely effect on Joyce and Tom in their circumstances; Joyce and Tom’s ages, sex, backgrounds and other relevant characteristics; any harm which they have suffered or are at risk of suffering; and how capable Jason and Sandra and Craig are meeting Joyce and Tom’s needs. We are told that Joyce is five years old and Tom is at an age of three. They are still young and might not be able to express their true wishes and feelings with regards to the issue of residence and contact and thus it is unlikely that the court will give weight to their wishes (Stewart v Stewart)[15]. In regards with their needs, even though there no presumption that a child’s emotional and physical needs are best met by the mother, the case law has showed a preference for keeping young children with their mother [Re S (a minor) (Custody)][16]. However, in Re H (A Minor)[17], it was held that the time has changed and that many fathers were as capable as mother of looking after small children and this may lead to a decision that in favour of Jason. Further, the facts that Sandra is under depression and her plan to move in with Craig, who is also has anger management issues will be taken into consideration under section 1(3)(e) by the court. Lastly, the capabilities of Jason a nd Sandra in meeting Joyce and Tom’s needs will be considered as well. Here, it is likely that Jason would have a good chance of obtaining a residence order as the facts that Sandra and Craig is starting a new relationship and there is no evidence that Craig seems to fit the stereotype of the replacement father. However, even if the court grants a residence order in favour of Jason, the parental responsibility of Sandra towards Joyce and Tom will not be terminated. According to Re R (A Minor)(Contact), Sandra will be granted a generous contact with Joyce and Tom because the court is on the view that ‘it is a right of a child to have a relationship with both parents wherever possible’.[18] The fact that both Sandra and Craig are under anger management course will deny Jason’s claim that Sandra has a mental condition that makes her inappropriate to be in contact with Joyce and Tom. (1500 words) Part 2 Introduction In 1956, the concept of no-fault divorce was first put forward by the Morton Commission in their report on the basis that the divorce law prior to that date has encouraged acrimony between the parties.[19] Such approach was taken by a series of Law Commission reports and led to the Introduction of Divorce Act 1969, which was later consolidated to the legal provision in use today, namely the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973. Section 1(1) of MCA 1973 provides that irretrievable breakdown of marriage is the only ground for divorce and this can only be established if one of the five facts listed in section 1(2) of the MCA 1973. There are two no fault facts that can be relied to establish divorce, namely the two years’ separation with the respondent’s consent to the divorce [section 1(2)(d)] and the five years’ separation [section 1(2)(e)]. However, the facts that the number of petition under these no-fault facts are much lesser than the fault facts of adultery [section 1( 2)(a)] and unreasonable behaviour [section 1(2)(b)] raises a question that whether the law of divorce in England and Wales can really be described as one of ‘no-fault’? This essay will argue that identifying who is at ‘fault’ is still very much a feature of the divorce system in Wales and such element can be proved decisive in determining issues such as division of financial assets, child contact and residence. Such approach was also put forward by John Eekelaar that the law that the current law of divorce is ‘deeply corrupting by the law itself’ as the individuals are prevented from accessing to their legal rights conferred on them by law.[20] Application of ‘no-fault’ divorce In order to obtain a speedy divorce, it is more likely that the parties to a relationship would be more willing to rely on fault- based divorce. The courts have taken a strict approach in allowing a non-fault divorce and the degree of separation does not limit to the normal notion of physical contact but it also involves mental element. For instance, in Mouncer v Mouncer, regardless the facts that the parties were slept in separate bedrooms, it was held that they were living apart as they continued to spend time with their children together.[21] At this point, it can be concluded that the law has failed to provide an effective method of no-fault divorce and this forces the party to a relationship to initiate a divorce claim by alleging fault on the part of the other party. In the other words, the law has failed to fulfil its original objective that to enable the parties of a marriage to end their relationship with minimum bitterness and hostility. Fault remains as an important exists that dominate the law of divorce in England and Wales today. Despite its decisive role in establishing a ground for divorce, the courts have also emphasised ‘fault’ of the parties in determining the consequences of a relationship breakdown. Division of financial assets and Child contact and residence According to Thorpe J in Dart v Dart, the court are given wide discretion to make orders which suits the needs of individual cases, albeit guided by the various factors set out in the statutory framework. With regards to the financial distribution on marriage breakdown, section 25(1) of the MCA 1973 required the court to take into account to all circumstance of the case, whereby section 25(2)(g) provides that the conduct of the parties is one of the factors that should be considered. Even though, it is arguably that the introduction of no-fault divorce by MCA 1973 reduced the significance of fault in determining the distribution of property, but by reviewing the case law, the outcome of the reform is somehow disappointing. In K v K, the court held that the husband was not entitled to his wife’s assets due to the facts that he had sexually abused his wife’s grandchildren.[22] Also, in H v H (Financial Relief: Attempted Murder as conduct), the wife was given a greater pri ority in the financial distribution because the husband had attacker her with knives and was convicted of attempted murder.[23] It is apparent that the fact that a spouse has behaved very badly will inevitably affect his or her entitlement to a greater priority in the financial distribution, and this encourages further animosity between the parties. As a result, section 25(2)(g) was highly criticised as it undermines the aim of the law to remove incentive to make allegations of fault in order to divorce peacefully. On the other hand, it must be noted that, by virtue of section 2(1) of Children Act 1989, the parental responsibility of the parties remains even after divorce. In determining the issue in relation to child contact and residence, the welfare checklist set out in section 1(3) of CA 1989 plays a prominent role in the decision making. Within the checklist, there is no reference to the ‘fault’ element at the part of the parents, but the courts are tend to grant the relevant order in favour of the ‘innocent’ parent with the conception that it will be the children’s best interest not to stay or even in contact with the ‘fault’ parent, particularly in the cases of domestic violence. Conclusion In conclusion, it is undeniably that the approach to divorce in England and Wales cannot be described as one of ‘no-fault’ as the ‘fault’ element is still playing a prominent role in relation with the issues of divorce and its consequences. Nevertheless, we are not arguing a reform towards a purely no-fault divorce because, as according to Deech, this will give too much freedom to the individual and give them a wrongful thought that divorce something can be obtained easily.[24] Instead, we are saying that the system of divorce should be balanced between a mixed mechanism with both ‘fault’ and ‘no-fault’ ground for divorce[25] but not letting the ‘fault’ feature dominate the whole system alone. (1041 words) Bibliography Table of Cases Ash v Ash [1972] 1 All ER 582 Clearly v Clealy [1974] 1 All ER 498 Dennis v Dennis [1955] P 153 Farnham v Farnham [1925] 133 LT 320 Goodrich v Goodrich [1971] 2 All ER 1340 H (A Minor), Re (1980) 2 FLR 253 H v H (Financial Relief: Attempted Murder as conduct) [2006] 1 FLR 990 K v K [2010] EWCA Civ 125 Livingstone- Stallard v Livingstone- Stallard [1974] Fam 47 Mouncer v Mouncer [1972] 115 SJ 327 O’Neill v O’Neill [1975] 1 WLR 1118 R (A Minor)(Contact), Re [1993] 2 FLR 762 Richards v Richards [1972] WLR 1073 S (a minor) (Custody), Re [1991] 2 FLR 388 Sapsford v Sapsford [1954] P 394 Serio v Serio (1983) 4 FLR 756 Stewart v Stewart [1973] 1 Fam 107 Table of Legislation Children Act 1989, s.1 Children Act 1989, s.2 Children Act 1989, s.3 Children Act 1989, s.8 Children and Families Act 2014, s.12 Matrimonial Causes Act 1973, s. 1 Matrimonial Causes Act 1973, s. 3 Matrimonial Causes Act 1973, s. 25 Secondary Sources Books Gilmore S and Glennon L, Hayes and Williams’ Family Law (4th edn, OUP 2014) Articles Deech R, ‘Divorce- A Disaster?’ [2009] FLR 1048 Eekelaar J, ‘Family Law- Keeping us â€Å"On Message†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ [1999] CFLQ 387 Law Commission, Family Law: The Ground for Divorce (Law Com No 192) [1] Matrimonial Causes Act, s.1(1). [2] [1972] WLR 1073. [3] Children Act 1989, s.2(1). [4] Ibid, s.1. [5] [1955] P 153. [6] [1954] P 394. [7] [1925] 133 LT 320. [8] Serio v Serio (1983) 4 FLR 756. [9] [1974] 1 All ER 498. [10] [1971] 2 All ER 1340. [11] [1974] Fam 47. [12] [1975] 1 WLR 1118. [13] [1972] 1 All ER 582. [14] Children Act 1989, s.1(1). [15] [1973] 1 Fam 107. [16] [1991] 2 FLR 388. [17] (1980) 2 FLR 253. [18] [1993] 2 FLR 762, Butler- Sloss LJ. [19] Royal Commission on Marriage and Divorce (Cmd 9878, 1956). [20] John Eekelaar, ‘Family Law- Keeping us â€Å"On Message†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ [1999] CFLQ 387. [21] [1972] 115 SJ 327. [22] [2010] EWCA Civ 125. [23] [2006] 1 FLR 990. [24] Ruth Deech, ‘Divorce- A Disaster?’ [2009] FLR 1048. [25] Law Commission, Family Law: The Ground for Divorce (Law Com No 192).